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1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS |
1.1. | Manned aircraft: why go electric? |
1.1.1. | Definition |
1.1.2. | Strongest justification 2020-2030 |
1.1.3. | Additional justification mainly earning from 2030-2050 |
1.2. | Primary conclusions |
1.2.1. | Progression: coming at it from both ends |
1.2.2. | Leading developers |
1.2.3. | VTOL vs CTOL |
1.2.4. | Hybrid fixed wing |
1.2.5. | Hybrid VTOL |
1.2.6. | Pure electric VTOL |
1.2.7. | The industry is at a fault line |
1.2.8. | Traditional aerospace companies have mostly had a top down approach |
1.2.9. | Formidable new competitors arrive |
1.2.10. | Regional differences |
1.3. | Categorisation of manned electric aircraft and powertrains |
1.3.1. | Aircraft types |
1.3.2. | Powertrain types |
1.4. | Major challenges associated with crewed electric aircraft |
1.5. | More electric aircraft |
1.6. | Addressable markets |
1.6.1. | Current short and medium-range addressable market |
1.6.2. | Current long-range addressable market |
1.6.3. | New addressable market VTOL, ESTOL |
1.7. | VTOL market barriers and costs |
1.7.1. | VTOL market barriers |
1.7.2. | VTOL costs |
1.7.3. | Comparison of VTOL options |
1.8. | Project analysis |
1.8.1. | Overview of projects |
1.8.2. | 42 key players and models by category |
1.8.3. | Some successful full-scale crewed flight tests |
1.8.4. | Example of much lower TCO and operating cost: Bye Aerospace eFlyer 2 |
1.8.5. | Projects - Geographical Distribution |
1.8.6. | Project analysis - anticipated range and climb |
1.8.7. | Project analysis - lightweighting |
1.9. | Analysis of electric motor types in electric aircraft |
1.10. | Timelines 2020 to 2050 |
1.10.1. | Adoption of crewed electric aircraft 2020-2050 |
1.10.2. | Adoption dynamics, hybrid, pure electric 2020-2030 with examples |
1.10.3. | The killer blow of lower cost for electric aircraft by year and size 2020-2040 |
1.10.4. | View to 2050 from major players |
1.10.5. | Regulatory barriers, legislative drivers, certification 2020-2050 |
1.11. | Market size |
1.11.1. | Market forecast value by type $M 2019-2039 |
1.11.2. | Market forecast 2019-2030 number vs value |
1.11.3. | Forecast assumptions |
1.11.4. | Run before you can walk? |
2. | INTRODUCTION |
2.1. | Powertrain options |
2.1.1. | Overview |
2.1.2. | Rolls Royce view of electric aircraft powertrain options |
2.2. | NASA studies of issues |
2.3. | Complexity roadmap |
2.3.1. | Radical simplification |
2.3.2. | Aircraft example |
2.3.3. | How it is done: electrification, wireless and structural electronics |
2.3.4. | Very useful new functions can then be added |
2.4. | Emissions, regulations, legislative drivers 2020-2040 |
2.5. | Follower |
3. | TECHNOLOGIES |
3.1. | Progress towards the end game |
3.1.1. | Energy independent electric vehicles |
3.1.2. | Energy storage |
3.1.3. | Motors |
3.1.4. | Other key enabling technologies |
3.1.5. | Structural supercapacitors ZapGo, Lamborghini Terzo Millennio and aircraft later |
3.2. | Batteries |
3.2.1. | Aircraft battery demand |
3.2.2. | Lithium-ion battery design |
3.2.3. | What does an EV battery pack look like? What is needed? |
3.2.4. | Bye Aerospace battery lessons learned |
3.2.5. | Even better batteries and supercapacitors a real prospect: future W/kg vs Wh/kg |
3.2.6. | Active electrode options: changing too fast? |
3.2.7. | Li-ion battery adoption by type of EV |
3.2.8. | Future types of battery for EVs |
3.2.9. | Alternative battery technologies for future EVs |
3.2.10. | Other options |
3.2.11. | Progress to less and no battery |
3.3. | Motors |
3.3.1. | Overview |
3.3.2. | Market dynamics 2020-2030 |
3.3.3. | Winners in Electric Aircraft Motors |
3.3.4. | Analysis of electric motor types in ten electric aircraft |
3.3.5. | Traction machine types used to propel electric vehicles land, water, air |
3.3.6. | Examples of traction machine technologies by operating principle |
3.3.7. | Traction machine-with-controller value market: new vehicles 2030 % by vehicle application |
3.3.8. | Where the profit will lie: traction machine value gross margin 2030 % by sector |
3.3.9. | Ten traction machine trends 2020-30 |
3.3.10. | Permanent magnets more popular but eventually unnecessary? |
3.4. | Power electronics |
3.4.1. | Taking more percentage of aircraft cost |
3.4.2. | NASA improvement map |
3.4.3. | Voltage increase |
3.4.4. | More and more power electronics: complexity, proliferation, added types |
3.5. | Energy harvesting |
3.5.1. | Overview |
3.5.2. | EH transducer principles and materials |
3.5.3. | EH technologies by actual and potential usefulness |
3.5.4. | Challenges of EH technologies |
3.5.5. | Integrated multi-mode energy harvesting |
3.5.6. | EV end game: Energy Independent Vehicles EIV |
3.5.7. | Lessons from UAVs |
4. | IMPORTANT PROJECTS AND MANUFACTURERS: EXAMPLES |
4.1. | Aachen |
4.2. | Airbus |
4.2.1. | eCriCri, E-fan, CityAirbus, Vahana, EPJ |
4.2.2. | Air Race E |
4.3. | Ampaire |
4.4. | Boeing |
4.4.1. | VTOL X-plane and PAV |
4.5. | GE Aviation |
4.6. | Joby Aviation |
4.7. | Kitty Hawk |
4.8. | Lilium |
4.9. | magniX |
4.10. | NASA |
4.10.1. | Requirement study |
4.10.2. | Distributed thrust: X57 Maxwell |
4.10.3. | Cryogenic hydrogen fuel cell |
4.11. | Rolls Royce |
4.11.1. | Hybrid testbed |
4.11.2. | VTOL |
4.11.3. | ACCEL highest speed |
4.11.4. | Lightweight superconducting electric motor: regional aircraft |
4.12. | Tesla Aircraft |
4.13. | United Technologies X-plane |
4.14. | Volocopter |
Slides | 174 |
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Forecasts to | 2030 |