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1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS |
1.1. | Purpose of this report |
1.2. | Comparison of off-grid technology options |
1.3. | New power generating technology kVA comparison |
1.4. | Much more than a story about cleaner chargers |
1.5. | Primary conclusions: Underlying needs and trends 2020-2040 |
1.6. | Primary conclusions: making the electricity |
1.7. | Why zero-emission? |
1.8. | Primary conclusions: off-grid charging by type of location |
1.9. | Primary conclusions: basic technological options |
1.10. | Primary conclusions: format, chemistry, physics 2020-2040 |
1.11. | Technology popularity 2020-2040 |
1.12. | Preferred solar technologies for microgrids and vehicles |
1.13. | Where the PV leaders are headed |
1.14. | Best practice: Gridserve solar/ battery forecourts UK |
1.15. | New high power photovoltaic formats |
1.15.1. | Best practice: EV ARC solar tracking car charger |
1.16. | Wind power for vehicle charging |
1.17. | Advanced power electronics becomes important |
1.18. | DC microgrids slowly coming in |
1.19. | Primary conclusions: cost breakdown and action arising |
1.20. | Construction site of the future arriving now with moveable zero emission gensets |
1.21. | Farm of the future arriving now |
1.22. | Self-powered, robotic indoor farming |
1.23. | Mine of the future |
1.24. | Primary conclusions: solar vehicles are microgrids on wheels |
1.25. | Market forecasts and technology roadmap 2020-2040 |
1.25.1. | Global charging infrastructure 2020: on-road vehicles |
1.25.2. | Existing charging stations that could go zero-emission off-grid |
1.25.3. | Technology and rollout roadmap 2020-2040 |
1.25.4. | OG ZE charging stations number, unit value, market value 2020-2040 |
1.25.5. | Background information: global microgrid market |
1.25.6. | Solar cars number, unit value, market value 2019-2030 |
1.25.7. | Electric vehicle forecast 2020-2030 number k for 103 categories |
2. | INTRODUCTION |
2.1. | Increased versatility but winners and losers |
2.2. | Microgrid design |
2.2.1. | Basic configurations and V2G |
2.3. | Why solar usually wins for vehicle charging stations |
2.4. | Decentralised microgrids |
2.5. | Below 100kW wind turbines have become niche |
2.6. | Wind turbine choices |
2.7. | Electric vehicle powertrains |
3. | PHOTOVOLTAIC TECHNOLOGY AND FORMATS FOR CHARGING EVS 2020-2040 |
3.1. | Benefits sought and leaders in providing them |
3.2. | Photovoltaic trends and priorities 2020-2040 |
3.2.1. | Silicon the winner so far: variants and successes |
3.3. | Wafer or thin film PV 2020-2040 |
3.4. | Thin film more efficient than rigid silicon 2030-2040? |
3.5. | Five basic PV mechanisms: status, benefits, challenges, market potential |
3.6. | Important PV options beyond silicon compared |
3.7. | Production readiness of Si alternatives for mainstream vehicle charging |
3.8. | Best research-cell efficiencies 1975-2020 |
3.9. | Choice of format |
3.10. | Examples of formats |
3.11. | Flexible thin film versions slowly gain share |
4. | COPPER INDIUM GALLIUM DISELENIDE BECOMES IMPORTANT |
4.1. | Overview |
4.2. | Ultra-light flexible CIGS |
4.3. | CIGS PV in action charging vehicles in four countries |
4.4. | Hurricane proof mobile microgrid MIT USA in Puerto Rico |
4.5. | Renovagen microgrid unrolls |
4.6. | CIGS building facades |
5. | WILD CARDS: 2D SEMICONDUCTORS, QUANTUM DOTS, RECTENNA ARRAYS |
5.1. | 2D semiconductor nanomaterials |
5.2. | Quantum dot |
5.3. | Rectenna nantenna-diode |
6. | NEW FORMATS: CONCRETE, SOLAR ROADS AND WINDOWS |
6.1. | Thin concrete solar: ETH Zurich |
6.2. | Solar roads charge EVs |
6.2.1. | Pavenergy China |
6.2.2. | The Netherlands introduces SolaRoad paving - March 2019 |
6.3. | Multi-mode roads and other structures |
6.3.1. | Solar Roadways USA |
6.4. | Gantry vs road surface PV |
6.5. | Transparent and translucent PV |
6.6. | Solar windows |
6.6.1. | Basic configurations |
6.6.2. | Review of 13 organisations |
6.7. | SolarGaps solar blinds |
7. | NEW RELOCATABLE WIND, RIVER AND SEA POWER FOR CHARGING EVS |
7.1. | Zero emission microgrids: solar, water, wind reinvented |
7.2. | New options beyond solar: relocatable, much less intermittent |
7.3. | Open tide "tide stream" power options mimic wind power options |
7.4. | Airborne Wind Energy developers |
7.4.1. | Why AWE may be better than a conventional wind turbine |
7.4.2. | eWind Solutions specifically targets AWE for farms |
7.5. | Open sea wave power technologies |
8. | CONTAINERISED MICROGRIDS CHARGING EVS |
8.1. | Transportable microgrids for military, live events, easier installations |
8.2. | Scale Microgrid |
8.3. | VERGE and many with expanding solar |
8.4. | Excellerate |
8.5. | OffGridBox |
9. | ZE MICROGRIDS USING WIND AND SOLAR |
9.1. | Overview |
9.2. | Bad practice |
9.3. | Good practice: Porto Santo Island Portugal |
9.4. | Borkum Island Germany |
9.5. | Kodiak Island Alaska |
9.6. | King Island Tasmania |
9.7. | eVcentres UK |
9.8. | SmartGreenCharge Highways France |
9.9. | PEARL Project Hawaii |
9.10. | Tesla |
9.10.1. | Tesla Semi: off grid charging vital for payback |
9.10.2. | Tesla car charging |
9.11. | Other projects |
9.12. | I-FEVS restaurant on wheels |
9.13. | Wind and solar powered ships |
9.14. | Energy independent electric ship opportunity |
10. | OTHER ZE OG MICROGRIDS SUITABLE FOR VEHICLE CHARGING |
10.1. | Agriculture |
10.1.1. | Stone Edge Farm microgrid development |
10.1.2. | Charging electric farm tractors |
10.1.3. | Solectrac electric tractor charging |
10.2. | Brightfield USA |
10.3. | Roadside Texas |
10.4. | France - transportable versions |
10.5. | HEP Croatia |
10.6. | e-move Denmark |
10.7. | Power Research Electronics Netherlands |
10.8. | Ovida Community Hubs Melbourne |
10.9. | Saudi Aramco car parks and electric vehicle charging shelters |
10.10. | University of Iowa USA |
10.11. | Private houses as microgrids |
10.11.1. | Tesla |
11. | SOLAR VEHICLES GO MAINSTREAM: LAND, WATER, AIR |
11.1. | Overview |
11.2. | Electric robot weeders: FarmWise, Naio etc. |
11.3. | Hyundai and Kia |
11.4. | Tesla solar Cybertruck |
11.5. | Sono Motors, Lightyear |
11.6. | Squad - solar city car |
11.7. | Sunnyclist Greece |
11.8. | Neeraj and other solar rickshaws India |
11.9. | K-Bus Germany |
11.10. | BYD and others |
11.11. | Kim il-sung University North Korea |
11.12. | Solar-powered vehicle to South Pole |
11.13. | Green Energy Norway |
11.14. | Detleffs USA |
11.15. | Midsummer Sweden |
11.16. | Fraunhofer ISE Germany |
11.17. | Collaboration on bus fleet electrification and solar overhead charging |
11.18. | Energy Independent Electric Vehicles |
11.19. | Technology timeline for solar cars |
12. | ENERGY POSITIVE ZE MICROGRIDS AND ZE FUEL CELL VEHICLES WITHOUT FUEL SUPPLY CHAIN |
12.1. | Overview and Powerhouse Brattørkaia |
12.2. | One microgrid charging buses, cars and boats |
12.3. | Energy positive vehicles |
12.4. | Stella Vie and Stella Era |
12.5. | Fuel cell vehicles without the crippling supply chain |
Slides | 239 |
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Forecasts to | 2040 |
ISBN | 9781913899639 |